Unit Testing

A solid unit test suite is essential for ongoing development in large projects, especially those with many people involved. Going back and manually testing every individual component of an application after every change is impractical. Your unit tests will help alleviate that by automatically testing your application’s components and alerting you when something is not working the same way it was when you wrote your tests.

The Zend Framework 2 API uses PHPUnit, and so does this tutorial application. A detailed explanation of unit testing is beyond the scope of this tutorial, so we will only provide sample tests for the components in the pages that follow. This tutorial assumes that you already have PHPUnit installed.

Setting up the tests directory

Start by creating a directory called test in zf2-tutorial\module\Application with the following subdirectories:

zf2-tutorial/
    /module
        /Application
            /test
                /ApplicationTest
                    /Controller

The structure of the test directory matches exactly with that of the module’s source files, and it will allow you to keep your tests well-organized and easy to find.

Bootstrapping your tests

Next, create a file called phpunit.xml.dist under zf2-tutorial/module/Application/test:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<phpunit bootstrap="Bootstrap.php">
    <testsuites>
        <testsuite name="zf2tutorial">
            <directory>./ApplicationTest</directory>
        </testsuite>
    </testsuites>
</phpunit>

A file called Bootstrap.php, also under zf-tutorial/module/Application/test: This is a Bootstrap written by Evan Coury which can just be dropped in, only the namespace needs changing.

<?php
namespace ApplicationTest;//Change this namespace for your test

use Zend\Loader\AutoloaderFactory;
use Zend\Mvc\Service\ServiceManagerConfig;
use Zend\ServiceManager\ServiceManager;
use Zend\Stdlib\ArrayUtils;
use RuntimeException;

error_reporting(E_ALL | E_STRICT);
chdir(__DIR__);

class Bootstrap
{
    protected static $serviceManager;
    protected static $config;
    protected static $bootstrap;

    public static function init()
    {
        // Load the user-defined test configuration file, if it exists; otherwise, load
        if (is_readable(__DIR__ . '/TestConfig.php')) {
            $testConfig = include __DIR__ . '/TestConfig.php';
        } else {
            $testConfig = include __DIR__ . '/TestConfig.php.dist';
        }

        $zf2ModulePaths = array();

        if (isset($testConfig['module_listener_options']['module_paths'])) {
            $modulePaths = $testConfig['module_listener_options']['module_paths'];
            foreach ($modulePaths as $modulePath) {
                if (($path = static::findParentPath($modulePath)) ) {
                    $zf2ModulePaths[] = $path;
                }
            }
        }

        $zf2ModulePaths  = implode(PATH_SEPARATOR, $zf2ModulePaths) . PATH_SEPARATOR;
        $zf2ModulePaths .= getenv('ZF2_MODULES_TEST_PATHS') ?: (defined('ZF2_MODULES_TEST_PATHS') ? ZF2_MODULES_TEST_PATHS : '');

        static::initAutoloader();

        // use ModuleManager to load this module and it's dependencies
        $baseConfig = array(
            'module_listener_options' => array(
                'module_paths' => explode(PATH_SEPARATOR, $zf2ModulePaths),
            ),
        );

        $config = ArrayUtils::merge($baseConfig, $testConfig);

        $serviceManager = new ServiceManager(new ServiceManagerConfig());
        $serviceManager->setService('ApplicationConfig', $config);
        $serviceManager->get('ModuleManager')->loadModules();

        static::$serviceManager = $serviceManager;
        static::$config = $config;
    }

    public static function getServiceManager()
    {
        return static::$serviceManager;
    }

    public static function getConfig()
    {
        return static::$config;
    }

    protected static function initAutoloader()
    {
        $vendorPath = static::findParentPath('vendor');

        if (is_readable($vendorPath . '/autoload.php')) {
            $loader = include $vendorPath . '/autoload.php';
        } else {
            $zf2Path = getenv('ZF2_PATH') ?: (defined('ZF2_PATH') ? ZF2_PATH : (is_dir($vendorPath . '/ZF2/library') ? $vendorPath . '/ZF2/library' : false));

            if (!$zf2Path) {
                throw new RuntimeException('Unable to load ZF2. Run `php composer.phar install` or define a ZF2_PATH environment variable.');
            }

            include $zf2Path . '/Zend/Loader/AutoloaderFactory.php';

        }

        AutoloaderFactory::factory(array(
            'Zend\Loader\StandardAutoloader' => array(
                'autoregister_zf' => true,
                'namespaces' => array(
                    __NAMESPACE__ => __DIR__ . '/' . __NAMESPACE__,
                ),
            ),
        ));
    }

    protected static function findParentPath($path)
    {
        $dir = __DIR__;
        $previousDir = '.';
        while (!is_dir($dir . '/' . $path)) {
            $dir = dirname($dir);
            if ($previousDir === $dir) return false;
            $previousDir = $dir;
        }
        return $dir . '/' . $path;
    }
}

Bootstrap::init();

And a file called TestConfig.php.dist

<?php
return array(
    'modules' => array(
        'Application',
    ),
    'module_listener_options' => array(
        'config_glob_paths'    => array(
            '../../../config/autoload/{,*.}{global,local}.php',
        ),
        'module_paths' => array(
            'module',
            'vendor',
        ),
    ),
);

This is basically the same as config/application.config.php but we define only the modules which are required for this test

Your first Controller test

Next, create IndexControllerTest.php under zf-tutorial/module/Application/test/ApplicationTest/Controller with the following contents:

<?php

namespace ApplicationTest\Controller;

use ApplicationTest\Bootstrap;
use Zend\Mvc\Router\Http\TreeRouteStack as HttpRouter;
use Application\Controller\IndexController;
use Zend\Http\Request;
use Zend\Http\Response;
use Zend\Mvc\MvcEvent;
use Zend\Mvc\Router\RouteMatch;
use PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase;

class IndexControllerTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    protected $controller;
    protected $request;
    protected $response;
    protected $routeMatch;
    protected $event;

    protected function setUp()
    {
        $serviceManager = Bootstrap::getServiceManager();
        $this->controller = new IndexController();
        $this->request    = new Request();
        $this->routeMatch = new RouteMatch(array('controller' => 'index'));
        $this->event      = new MvcEvent();
        $config = $serviceManager->get('Config');
        $routerConfig = isset($config['router']) ? $config['router'] : array();
        $router = HttpRouter::factory($routerConfig);

        $this->event->setRouter($router);
        $this->event->setRouteMatch($this->routeMatch);
        $this->controller->setEvent($this->event);
        $this->controller->setServiceLocator($serviceManager);
    }
}

Here, we expand a bit on the setup in Tom Oram’s Unit Testing a ZF 2 Controller blog entry by initializing our application in the setUp() method and setting the EventManager and ServiceLocator directly on the controller. This isn’t important right now, but we’ll need it later on when writing more advanced tests.

Now, add the following function to the IndexControllerTest class:

public function testIndexActionCanBeAccessed()
{
    $this->routeMatch->setParam('action', 'index');

    $result   = $this->controller->dispatch($this->request);
    $response = $this->controller->getResponse();

    $this->assertEquals(200, $response->getStatusCode());
}

The test is verifying that the homepage responds with HTTP status code 200.

Testing

Finally, cd to zf-tutorial/module/Application/test/ and run phpunit. If you see something like this, then your application is ready for more tests!

PHPUnit 3.5.15 by Sebastian Bergmann.

.

Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 5.75Mb

OK (1 test, 2 assertions)